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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ a0 P# ] C) e% }) n9 `mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:- I1 U+ }% S8 ~3 j$ q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- f9 M# r* J3 D0 l- {6 T7 b
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& K$ x0 C& ], g' R/ q) ?( xmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 z1 m$ t1 o w
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6 m1 o8 u- I2 y- H" H) P9 Z6 E9 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。& _* r0 I4 o k& d( C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。; p i4 y1 e. n9 n: b2 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。' ] E, h4 e. E" d# _- M4 W# V9 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。, M7 F7 s% `1 m7 f" P, L, r
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+ i% n# N# U/ y+ U$ ?5 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 y( Q8 v8 n7 g, J" e3 h1 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" Y0 ?" C( }3 X Q* O7 T3 J- O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的9 y2 X' Z; N- k, ?$ `. E. G
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+ l$ f0 a% n- e3 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。! M* Q1 r! A5 [5 r" w4 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新& ~+ w7 a- w# |) \4 i
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; ~ e1 v5 P1 p: u2 h# E" ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白- ~4 L$ j* o- G% r/ U& x5 [& N
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9 \9 ^) O6 P# [5 c; F( {! V) ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学% H+ Q. [# a" B9 G( g' m1 D! Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: t" i8 L# M& D L0 B YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么0 ?/ N1 \ h5 R! [! v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？* \6 y% m' S6 Y, r8 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: |( `6 m) e* s
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' A6 m2 ^6 v/ |1 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。 h4 C2 ^+ i: F+ k0pt"> l+ w* p. U* e, ]- O$ B' ~6 O! V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊7 w" @1 `' S3 V% h9 W1 g+ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 H* z- s/ w e& \8 }2 r& ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚8 g9 ]) [* k5 I# Z( X [: o# N
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; o7 H1 k$ S7 D- mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！# H/ T8 @% O) k* H7 [4 i
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0 |- F. i' A& Y/ Y2 p5 q6 _( }' M5 r- Q$ B; W/ cTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie. w0 f: T1 f' C; _3 h8 M10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" Q1 } D. U( W: {! m! |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假3 \% O* J" f. G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 O& R7 Z' z2 N" o6 @4 M( ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, c4 q) W; q! |1 c9 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* Z6 x1 e3 P$ L% M
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) n9 c5 @8 L# t7 U/ S# Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ u+ o/ P+ |$ H; r' _( T' b: ]! Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“ w' @" g& \: P+ H. |6 b/ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& o0 t0 q' v' ?8 a6 V$ {7 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴2 k5 d, v+ R/ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* j( @( t4 b$ z8 o+ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! d- Y" h/ F& H+ r! I1 W6 Q- tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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