跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

# S! k5 ~ {- D! b0 Tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 Y, w) Q1 l! b mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ, E% ?& t0 f" x# {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 Z' u3 e+ F, m% z% f0 a+ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. V5 L* U8 g% A/ B: [mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 h) [' v4 G5 K font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 |0 ~# b( F& j" {5 K# @7 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 r" u# C8 Q6 K! n6 z! ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 v1 B, h* i) Z' k2 w0 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " `# I5 A, ]- o# i Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 @6 R) n" o" |9 U; t8 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">5# y2 C/ I! }* r% I, M9 t9 ^0 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 j' S0 k7 d7 J4 S1 L. m. r$ ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：, R( I" K7 O, J* u: x7 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

2•5 ! E2 l' Y& m) V& HTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 7 j% F( q; D! d N2 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：) r- f0 T! h1 O& g+ g: K* G! O9 t3 I mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 P8 g3 t6 L- h; J# Z mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 0 r6 D2 G' ~: h c# U4 ^0 a" Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 I/ V* [' f) [% } rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 e1 ~/ N( f X& G mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & [7 y) a. @$ @; V! i1 e, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：6 `1 s# P0 z. h* q- L+ m mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 [9 w/ Z) [) [7 R7 d! hmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ I5 o8 ~0 R3 B& ]$ c color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% a7 z! W7 ]# ~0 [$ L! Z Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：& @6 u) V# w+ H3 I7 H mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- G6 ?( ]) N8 n5 ? mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 3 c9 R2 m% O/ Z" V, nmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？: _" b- n9 K' O5 \) j mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ G" j$ [5 K, J: V( d# x5 k X; kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 4 p: o* B* w/ g( q4 y! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 _! ]% G R, u* G e/ X mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. Q- Y7 C- \( e2 _: ^( g mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / _$ P) v3 p- R% G0 v1 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. e ]* V Z3 Pcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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" C5 X- \! d5 p4 C3 l) }0 ETahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。. w5 B( H+ H; d2 `4 Y U' [' s( K; Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; K- F9 V0 \ C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
% j. Y; y; a4 t K! Z- h, BTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( Y0 z+ ?2 W! u6 e- R) s9 y$ b& ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. C8 `* Z6 E% Y) d; C2 ^ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。0 d+ ]) r. m" D 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 t2 u7 r( D+ }# jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：; Q) B0 Z6 ~/ h. t8 s3 {5 u$ M0pt">"5 d; w% J1 F8 {8 |. i mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: - f5 G$ ?3 @" c' M" mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。! [4 }% d! |, S' J mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ c7 ], v& |# i5 o font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 F+ r8 L4 \ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：8 ?' `( F, P) T! f E; t mso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 {8 q$ X% J& }, Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* B* ]% z! H C5 J( J, }/ B mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" # v8 B: H+ C3 W2 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：. ~0 A5 s- U# ~' J. l mso-font-kerning:0pt">"( q7 N/ h# g) o. y/ T2 e font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 B. k0 a9 }4 w2 A9 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。/ p- _ L; T8 Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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& e5 B# F2 V8 ^( q/ a4 A" k$ k* e4 L' k& c: g6 k r" V3 U8 v8 g7 _10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ |3 p9 d: U, v4 q' z9 c" ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是& ?6 B+ c- L# c$ B/ l# |8 ] G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 { F1 J E; v% V font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( X$ y' j# [( tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# w' A/ w9 W0 q, T1 L, }7 t" W10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">” t" J0 l6 w1 w0 R' R. {! |" ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & W0 z1 x1 E: Z# k2 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？5 ?! T& N+ a2 D, e 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; l* ^0 K$ u7 Q6 E" T0 u: j 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
9 a' l% {6 b( e$ R, a% d qTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; - k9 U- j% t1 _0 i( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得( Z E' I: w5 x mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& `/ W5 M/ P* Y2 S) h5 j. b/ x' Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , D# j: o# Z* u3 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 C; g8 t3 ^8 _/ |) _' E8 m3 y# z mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( D. D& X% V7 z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! a- ^! K3 O( pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲5 [( c5 B- b* D3 C" G% Z( h7 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! T# g. m4 }& ]# Y+ o9 a8 F5 `( cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; q7 o% A% o) amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 `: i) T* t F/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 S6 `& _- k4 I/ i0 B. C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，0 O7 U4 C4 E0 E* X) k mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) q2 {1 R6 X# k* N; `4 F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; u( g3 D# o G: u. }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 M" e/ q& @& V8 p! j2 n, S4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# R% {+ x/ k# u4 ]5 _6 F: {' ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 y' T/ X1 F# K/ C. c2 O" omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 n: D; u' P' m6 S- Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 ?4 k2 M4 ?& { 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
! U+ M+ a) x: P! X: q3 [, C3 u, o5 I10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？; n w5 X4 T4 @* k+ n( N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

! u {$ \: J1 r( \( p; y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
. C* i* A; p: m5 f: C+ J# ETahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; Z) J1 [" s( s+ B5 imso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。5 R/ c0 g8 i a# v; m8 H mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' J. Y. W! H+ m3 }" [& u; b Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * I9 ]5 \) o& k; q4 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：. K' W, K3 A) e( ~. Emso-font-kerning:0pt">

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, @, X* `2 N5 s" X mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义: x$ O6 n& u- H g& d. v% ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 v( J0 _6 h- I6 K1 Nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：# @* {) o+ B9 C* ^% x& x j 0pt">

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0 t. d: f: m2 e; `7 y) Bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: - y5 l; T1 t6 t) R9 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！7 P9 v! o, E# ]- P8 l* M# `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 ?( V# o$ F; a- I# b8 D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。. w' s2 p7 I6 M H! B- A. z7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">

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+ Z1 j1 j- |: Z8 u10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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; M9 T) `- a9 f# v8 o4 i3 x mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述 y0 j! w5 Q9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">24 @% P3 Q2 P# b9 ]8 v, R! t% e* T font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊 k0 v" V; j" n& umso-font-kerning:0pt">

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9 A$ ]7 M7 h' umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。8 Q+ v( b' ~: a6 Q% _6 E mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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0 i" d( g \! }0 [, ^" I+ e" cmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: . S: O( K0 b' N- }4 n& }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。0 G* f- h" c! A( [" n8 H) P mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ }! u. k7 D; U/ q# \; W font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 G% G6 V! D1 F" ^/ E$ L# I$ r( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- N( b# v, D8 T: Q# b4 { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：. p9 e5 Q& g) h. u' q6 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* _: m8 k$ O/ L6 G8 V" G) K- _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 r$ r$ S, d6 O4 p! Y3 T* Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。0 ^% H% S; x1 N8 w mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 X1 n! H! E l2 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # R6 H( U7 `1 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个+ V k/ P5 X: {6 h mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- z c/ X+ r) {9 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬$ w4 k0 _6 X( G# K, r( b mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 l, s% c; O# `7 h/ t* w2 D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # q: ^- Q! F0 M4 J" m1 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; w0 M( Q9 T" U M* u mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' T% g0 H: D! j5 s" n( l$ R$ C6 e W( m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道+ r" z0 ^) F4 t3 L0 G- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* Q+ T: `, }" u/ U) lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , T$ p3 g# r8 N7 Y8 B7 y* Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。% h/ _/ U+ F. I* h: Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ T! o6 u; s. d; T6 x0 J mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的% D6 D) n4 \2 }3 C5 X! G; v$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ J2 x# r3 ^& Z) o! P& j7 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺& [1 X( S& v7 ]9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 u7 g: P; _) G& ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( e' C2 ~! G- f0 P o* K; Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思0 w" r8 V$ E5 q: f7 [* u+ y- } mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
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我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服